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This image shows human embryonic stem cells differentiated to neuron-like cells. The investigator, Rhiannon Nolan, is a CIRM graduate
student fellow in the UCSD Biomedical Sciences Program who uses human embryonic stem cells to model Alzheimer's Disease.
Credit: Rhiannon Nolan
and Larry Goldstein 2006 |
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In vitro growth of human embryonic stem cells. In this image, the
red lines are microtubules of the cytoskeleton. The blue circles are
the cell nucleus, with Oct4 shown in green. Oct4 is a stem cell
marker because only human embryonic stem cells have this
transcription factor, which binds to specific genes and upregulates
them. This transcription factor seems to control the genes that are
required to keep a stem cell reproducing, rather than differentiating
into different kinds of cells. Feeder-free conditions used in the
HSCCF ensure that these images show hESCs
uncontaminated by mouse material.
Credit: Samantha Zeitlin, Ph.D.,
a
CIRM fellow. 2006. |
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Image of embryoid bodies grown in vitro from HUES cells. In this picture, green represents nestin, a cytoskeleton protein that is found mostly in neuronal precursor cells, but not in mature neurons. Red represents lectin that binds to pre-blood vessel tubules. DNA is in blue (but very dim).
Credit: Human Embryonic Stem Cell Core Facility, Samantha Zeitlin, Ph.D. |
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Image of embryoid bodies grown in vitro from HUES cells. This higher-magnification image shows DNA more clearly in blue.
Credit: Human Embryonic Stem Cell Core Facility, Samantha Zeitlin, PhD |
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Close up confocal image of two zebrafish embryos
expressing dsRED under control of the LMO2 promoter. Vessel structure can
be easily studied using this animal.
Credit: Hao Zhu and
Leonard Zon |
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Two day old transgenic zebrafish embryo expressing GFP
under control of the ubiquitous b-Actin promoter.
Credit: David Traver
and Ken Poss |
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Zebrafish embryos expressing the dsRED fluorescent protein
under control of the LMO2 promoter. LMO2 marks both early blood
precursors and blood vessels. This animal has been used to test whether
LMO2+ cells represent the first hematopoietic stem cells in the zebrafish
embryo.
Credit: Hao Zhu and Leonard Zon |
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Transgenesis in translucent zebrafish embryos. Shown is a
two day old embryo carrying a GATA-1dsRED transgene that is expressed only
in erythrocytes, and a b-ActinGFP transgene that is expressed ubiquitously
but absent in erythrocytes. Transplantation of adult kidney marrow from
these double transgenic donors allows independent visualization of donor
erythrocytes and leukocytes in embryonic recipients.
Credit: David Traver |
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Closeup view of the tail of an adult double transgenic
animal. All tissues, including the scales seen at the bottom of the
image, express GFP whereas only circulating erythrocytes express
RFP. Transplantation of marrow from these animals allows independent
visualization and tracking of red donor erythrocytes and green donor
leukocytes in translucent embryonic recipients.
Credit: David Traver |
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Transplantation of the zebrafish genetic mutant,
bloodless, shows rapid and robust reconstitution of the thymus
(arrowheads) and the pronephric kidney marrow (arrows) with GFP+ donor
cells. Donor cells predominated in all hematopoietic tissues throughout
adulthood, demonstrating that hematopoietic engraftment of this mutant
animal is mediated by hematopoietic stem cells. Dorsal view of the
anterior portion of the embryo at 5 days of age. Asterisks denote
autofluorescence in red of the eyes and swim bladder.
Credit: David Traver |
